A Leon County circuit judge could rule late next week in a challenge to the constitutionality of a state law that bans so-called “vaccine passports” during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Judge Layne Smith held a hearing Thursday in a lawsuit filed by Bead Abode, Inc., a Sarasota hobby and craft store. Smith gave attorneys until Wednesday to file additional briefs and said he would try to issue a ruling by the end of next week.
Smith is considering the case two months after a federal judge in South Florida sided with Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings in a challenge to the law, which seeks to prevent businesses from requiring customers to show proof of vaccination against COVID-19 and threatens fines for violations.
The Sarasota business, Bead Abode, Inc., argues that the law violates the First Amendment and is seeking an injunction to block it. The First Amendment arguments echo the reasoning of U.S. District Judge Kathleen Williams, who issued a preliminary injunction in August in the Norwegian case.
Bead Abode said in the lawsuit, filed Sept. 10, that many of its customers are retirees and some have health issues. It said it closed its doors in March 2020 because of the pandemic, offering only online sales and classes, but developed a plan to reopen this year as vaccinations became available and as the number of cases appeared to be waning.
“Absent the relief being sought to enjoin defendant (the state) from enforcement of this clearly unconstitutional content-based restriction on protected speech, Bead Abode would be forced to choose between its commitment to the safety of its customers and crushing penalties from enforcement of this law,” the business’ lawyer, Andrew Boyer, wrote in the lawsuit.
But the state, which has appealed the federal-court decision, argues that Smith should reject the request for an injunction. It disputes that the law, which the Legislature passed in April, violates First Amendment rights.
Smith on Thursday heard testimony from business owner Kirsten Boyer and Mary Reich, a regular customer.
Reich, who said she has a heart condition, said customers attend classes at the business and often sit “shoulder to shoulder.” She said she wants Bead Abode to require customers to show proof of vaccination and would not attend classes if she knew people might be unvaccinated.
In a court document filed last week, lawyers from Attorney General Ashley Moody’s office wrote that the law “restricts only conduct, not speech, and therefore does not implicate the First Amendment.”
“In other words, the provision leaves owners and patrons free to have whatever discussions they choose but ultimately requires owners to serve patrons no matter their vaccination documentation,” the state’s lawyers wrote. “An owner who asks a patron whether he or she is vaccinated (and even asks if the patron can provide proof) acts consistent with the law; a violation occurs only when the patron responds in the negative and the owner, in turn, refuses to provide services. In that way, the law regulates only conduct --- the provision of services by a business --- not speech.”
Gov. Ron DeSantis has made a priority of banning vaccine passports, issuing an executive order in April that was followed by the Legislature putting a ban into state law.
Williams’ August ruling applied only to Norwegian. In it, she wrote that the law is a “content-based restriction” on speech, as it targets documentation but allows businesses to request other information from customers about issues such as vaccinations.
“While companies cannot require customers to verify their vaccination status with ‘documentation,’ the statute does not prohibit businesses from verifying vaccination status in other ways (e.g., orally),” Williams wrote. “Accordingly, under (the law), businesses could still ‘discriminate’ against unvaccinated individuals by adopting a vaccination requirement, which they could enforce by requiring oral verification of vaccination status before entry or by deterring unvaccinated patrons from entering by putting up signs that read ‘vaccinated customers only’ and ‘unvaccinated patrons are not allowed.’”
But in a brief filed Monday at the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in the Norwegian case, attorneys for the DeSantis administration said the law is an “economic regulation that does not implicate” the First Amendment.
“The law simply prohibits businesses from conditioning service on customers providing documentation certifying COVID-19 vaccination,” the brief said. “Norwegian may still request that documentation from its customers, its customers may voluntarily provide it, and both parties are free to discuss the topic. What Norwegian may not do is deny service to customers who fail to provide that documentation.”
