Not long after The Associated Press and other news outlets declared Wednesday that Democrat Joe Biden had won Wisconsin's 10 electoral votes, the Trump campaign announced it would ask for a recount in the state.
The margin separating Biden and Trump in what is one of the nation's most contested swing states is roughly 20,000 votes, or less than 1%. It was absentee ballots in the cities of Milwaukee, Green Bay and Kenosha, added to county totals Wednesday morning, that appear to have put Biden on top.
Wisconsin was part of the so-called "blue wall" that Trump shattered last election cycle, when he narrowly won the state by less than 23,000 votes in 2016.
If there's a recount, the Trump campaign will pay
The state does not have automatic recounts, however under Wisconsin law, a losing candidate can file a sworn petition, along with a filing fee.
Should the Trump campaign follow through on its promise to call for a recount, it will be on the hook to pay for it. Under rules enacted by a Republican legislature and governor a few years ago, the state will only pay for a recount if the margin of victory is .25% or less.
The Trump campaign said Wednesday there had been "reports of irregularities in several Wisconsin counties," which it said cast doubt about the validity of the ballots cast.
Statement from @BillStepien on Wisconsin recount request: pic.twitter.com/6YiNB8HRo6
— Tim Murtaugh (@TimMurtaugh) November 4, 2020
The campaign later clarified, without providing evidence to support their claim, that some ballots in heavily Democratic Milwaukee County had been "cured" in red pen, arguing that poll workers — and not voters themselves — "corrected or added information to the ballot itself," spokesman Tim Murtaugh said.
"We estimate that 15-20% of absentee ballots in Milwaukee County were tainted in this manner," Murtaugh said. "This is also only an estimate because our legal volunteers were prevented from having meaningful access all of the time."
But Wisconsin's top elections official, Meagan Wolfe, said the voting and ballot counting process is open and transparent, and bristled at the suggestion of widespread election fraud.
"It's insulting for our local election officials to say that yesterday's election was anything but an incredible success," Wolfe told reporters in a news conference over Zoom Wednesday.
She added the integrity of Wisconsin's election system is "the result of years of preparation and meticulously, carefully following the law."
Wisconsin has experience with recounts
The Trump campaign won't be able file a recount petition until Wisconsin certifies its election results, which are due by Dec. 1.
The Badger State is no stranger to presidential recounts, having conducted them in three previous White House contests: 2000, 2004 and 2016.
The 2016 Wisconsin recount was triggered after two third-party candidates, independent Roque "Rocky" De La Fuente and the Green Party's Jill Stein, filed petitions.
As Wisconsin Public Radio points out, previous recounts have changed a handful of votes, but not the outcome of elections.
That recount, WPR reports only changed roughly 1,500 votes out of some 3 million cast. In total, Trump gained just 131 more votes during the recount over the Democratic nominee, Hillary Clinton.
The recount took more than a week; involved hundreds of election workers, observers and campaign attorneys; and cost $3.5 million, which was paid for by Stein's campaign, according to WPR.
After recount in 2011 race for WI Supreme Court, there was a swing of 300 votes. After recount in 2016 Presidential race in WI, @realDonaldTrump numbers went up by 131.
— Scott Walker (@ScottWalker) November 4, 2020
As I said, 20,000 is a high hurdle. #Election2020 https://t.co/CEr82eiCWH
Former Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker, a Republican, tweeted early Wednesday that he was skeptical a recount would swing the state in Trump's favor.
"After recount in 2011 race for WI Supreme Court, there was a swing of 300 votes," Walker tweeted. "After recount in 2016 Presidential race in WI, @realDonaldTrump numbers went up by 131. As I said, 20,000 is a high hurdle."
How Wisconsin tallies its ballots
Republicans are raising questions about what they see as late-arriving votes that erased what appeared to be a solid lead for President Trump.
But many are likely to have been some of the earliest ballots cast, as they were absentee ballots mailed in, dropped off at secure ballot boxes, and ballots cast early in-person at polling places in the days and weeks before Election Day.
Under Wisconsin law, those ballots could not be opened and counted until Tuesday.
In many smaller cities and towns, those absentee ballots are tallied at the municipal clerk's office with the votes cast on Election Day itself.
But in 39 larger communities, including Milwaukee, Madison, Green Bay and other cities, the votes are tallied at a separate central count facility. The process of tabulating the votes can be long and slow.
Milwaukee, for example, had almost 170,000 votes that had to be counted this way; statewide some 2 million voters cast their ballots early, by mail or absentee.
State law prohibits ballots returned after 8 p.m. Tuesday night from being accepted, which was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court last week, so no late ballots were counted, according to Wolfe, the Wisconsin Elections Commission administrator.
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